Betweenness

Betweenness is a medial measure of the structural importance of nodes in a network. It assigns higher values to those nodes that are in a position to control the indirect linkages of others.

For each pair of nodes $s$ and $t$, the dependency $\delta (s,t|v)$ on a particular node $v$ is defined as the fraction all shortest $st$-paths that contain $v$ as an inner node. The betweenness score of $v$ is the sum over all pair-dependencies,

$c_{B}(v)=\sum _{s\neq v\neq t}\delta (s,t|v)=\sum _{s\neq v\neq t}{\frac {\sigma (s,t|v)}{\sigma (s,t)}}$

where $\sigma (s,t)$ is the number of shortest path between $s$ and $t$, and $\sigma (s,t|v)$ the number of those containing $v$ as an inner node. That is, under the assumption that information, traffic, resources, trust, etc. spread along shortest paths only, nodes are ranked according to the amount of information, traffic etc. that passes by them. In link-valued graphs, the notion of a shortest path depends on the interpretation of those values. For instance, the attribute might represent a length, and the length of a path is the sum over the lengths of its links.